Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration None., Kocarnik JM., Compton K., Dean FE., Fu W., Gaw BL., Harvey JD., Henrikson HJ., Lu D., Pennini A., Xu R., Ababneh E., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Elsalam SM., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Adedeji IA., Adnani QES., Advani SM., Afzal MS., Aghaali M., Ahinkorah BO., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu GT., Aklilu A., Akram T., Akunna CJ., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Ali S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid SM., Alkhayyat M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri NA., Al-Maweri SAA., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Anbesu EW., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antwi MH., Anvari D., Anyasodor AE., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Atorkey P., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Awedew AF., Ayala Quintanilla BP., Ayenew T., Azab MA., Azadnajafabad S., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam AY., Badiye AD., Bahadory S., Baig AA., Baker JL., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Bärnighausen TW., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Behzadifar M., Belgaumi UI., Bezabhe WMM., Bezabih YM., Bhagat DS., Bhagavathula AS., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja VS., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bisignano C., Bjørge T., Bleyer A., Blyuss O., Bolarinwa OA., Bolla SR., Braithwaite D., Brar A., Brenner H., Bustamante-Teixeira MT., Butt NS., Butt ZA., Caetano Dos Santos FL., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catalá-López F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Cernigliaro A., Chakinala RC., Chattu SK., Chattu VK., Chaturvedi P., Chimed-Ochir O., Cho DY., Christopher DJ., Chu D-T., Chung MT., Conde J., Cortés S., Cortesi PA., Costa VM., Cunha AR., Dadras O., Dagnew AB., Dahlawi SMA., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh AM., das Neves J., De la Hoz FP., Demis AB., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal ML., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Do HP., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., Dos Santos Figueiredo FW., Driscoll TR., Ebrahimi H., Eftekharzadeh S., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy HR., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary SI., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Ezzikouri S., Faisaluddin M., Faraon EJA., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Feroze AH., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher JL., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal PA., Gad MM., Gadanya MA., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamalizadeh M., Gilani SA., Ginindza TG., Gizaw ATT., Glasbey JC., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gomez RS., Gopalani SV., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Grosso G., Gubari MIM., Guerra MR., Guha A., Gunasekera DS., Gupta B., Gupta VB., Gupta VK., Gutiérrez RA., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider MR., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh RR., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harlianto NI., Haro JM., Hasaballah AI., Hassanipour S., Hay RJ., Hay SI., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna BY., Herteliu C., Hezam K., Holla R., Hossain MM., Hossain MBH., Hosseini M-S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hugo FN., Hussain R., Hussein NR., Hwang B-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye SE., Ida F., Ikuta KS., Ilesanmi OS., Ilic IM., Ilic MD., Irham LM., Islam JY., Islam RM., Islam SMS., Ismail NE., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jakovljevic MB., Javaheri T., Jayaram S., Jazayeri SB., Jha RP., Jonas JB., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jürisson M., Kabir A., Kahrizi D., Kalankesh LR., Kalhor R., Kaliyadan F., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kameran Al-Salihi N., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Karch A., Kasa AS., Katikireddi SV., Kauppila JH., Kavetskyy T., Kebede SA., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader YS., Khalilov R., Khan G., Khan M., Khan MN., Khan MAB., Khang Y-H., Khater AM., Khayamzadeh M., Kim GR., Kim YJ., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kopec JA., Koteeswaran R., Koul PA., Koulmane Laxminarayana SL., Koyanagi A., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kumar GA., Kumar N., Kumar N., Kurmi OP., Kutluk T., La Vecchia C., Lami FH., Landires I., Lauriola P., Lee S-W., Lee SWH., Lee W-C., Lee YH., Leigh J., Leong E., Li J., Li M-C., Liu X., Loureiro JA., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malik AA., Mansournia MA., Martini S., Masoumi SZ., Mathur P., McKee M., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes RG., Mengesha EW., Mesregah MK., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek IM., Miller TR., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei HR., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad KA., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi SM., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad AH., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni MA., Moosavi MA., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Morrison SD., Mosapour A., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nagarajan AJ., Nagaraju SP., Nagata C., Naimzada MD., Nangia V., Naqvi AA., Narasimha Swamy S., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba SO., Negoi I., Negru SM., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen CT., Nguyen HLT., Niazi RK., Nnaji CA., Noor NM., Nuñez-Samudio V., Nzoputam CI., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya OO., Ogbo FA., Olagunju AT., Olakunde BO., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Omonisi AEE., Ong S., Onwujekwe OE., Orru H., Ortega-Altamirano DV., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov SS., Owolabi MO., P A M., Padubidri JR., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Park E-C., Park E-K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel HK., Patel JR., Pati S., Pattanshetty SM., Paudel U., Pereira DM., Pereira RB., Perianayagam A., Pillay JD., Pirouzpanah S., Pishgar F., Podder I., Postma MJ., Pourjafar H., Prashant A., Preotescu L., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan RA., Radhakrishnan V., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman MA., Rahmani AM., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao CR., Rao SJ., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia MS., Renzaho AMN., Rezaei N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Roberts TJ., Rodriguez JAB., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera GM., S M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Salehi S., Salem MR., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy AM., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Santric-Milicevic MM., Sardiwalla Y., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schneider IJC., Sekerija M., Seylani A., Shafaat O., Shaghaghi Z., Shaikh MA., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty JK., Shetty PH., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar KM., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Siddappa Malleshappa SK., Silva DAS., Singh JA., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin VY., Skryabina AA., Soeberg MJ., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sotoudeh H., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan MB., Sultan I., Sultana S., Sur D., Szerencsés V., Szócska M., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Talaat IM., Tan K-K., Tat VY., Tedla BAA., Tefera YG., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M-H., Tesfay FH., Tessema GA., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Tohidinik HR., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone MR., Traini E., Tran BX., Tran KB., Tran MTN., Tripathy JP., Tusa BS., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi KK., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Velazquez DZ., Veroux M., Violante FS., Vlassov V., Vo B., Volovici V., Vu GT., Waheed Y., Wamai RG., Ward P., Wen YF., Westerman R., Winkler AS., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazie TSY., Yeshaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis MZ., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zare F., Zastrozhin MS., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhong C., Zhou L., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zimmermann IR., Fitzmaurice C., Murray CJL., Force LM.
IMPORTANCE: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.